Raising Zebra Mussels in the MAISRC Lab

Zebra mussel shells on a beach.

Despite zebra mussels being wildly successful at reproducing and spreading in Minnesota lakes, they are incredibly difficult to maintain and propagate in a lab setting. This presents a challenge for researchers because many studies require multiple generations of zebra mussels to assess the long term impacts of control options, particularly genetic methods. MAISRC researchers are learning how to sustain zebra mussels in a lab setting in order to learn more about them.

In phase II of this project, MAISRC researchers advanced efforts to rear invasive zebra mussels in a controlled setting by focusing on improved nutrition, better husbandry practices, reducing competitors, and finding collection sites closer to the Twin Cities. Weekly tank cleanings and feeding a specific algae species, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, led to healthier mussels with increased weight and successful spawning. Refining water purification and washing methods reduced competitors and fouling, enabling larvae to develop to a critical stage, known as D-stage veligers, for the first time. Additionally, researchers identified Cedar Lake as a new collection site with favorable conditions, which will enhance efficiency and support propagation efforts in 2025.

Project managers: Ben Minerich; Seth Stapleton; MN Zoo

Funded by: MAISRC and the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources

Project timeline: June 2024 - June 2026

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Phase I

Project manager: Nick Phelps, MAISRC

Funded by: MAISRC and the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources

Project timeline: Jan. 2021 - Dec. 2022

In 2021, MAISRC began a pilot project with the Minnesota Zoo to attempt to rear zebra mussels in the MAISRC lab for the purposes of control research. The project, which is using tanks more commonly used in jellyfish rearing, has succeeded so far in keeping zebra mussels alive longer. Researchers are now making progress in development of a reliable method for rearing multiple generations of the invasive mussel in the lab.