Project background
Early detection and rapid response (EDRR) is a key factor in minimizing the impacts of aquatic invasive species (AIS). AIS that remain undetected are more likely to establish and spread, making control efforts increasingly expensive and less effective. Species like sea lamprey and other invasive mussels and fish are among the top environmental threats in the Great Lakes region.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods offer a sensitive and cost-effective way to detect invasive species early. By sampling genetic material left in water, soil, or air, eDNA allows researchers to identify species without direct observation. Traditional eDNA methods target one species at a time, limiting their scope, even though dozens of invasive species threaten Minnesota and the Great Lakes. The need for broader, multi-species detection methods is urgent to address risks from both known and emerging threats, including harmful microbes and nuisance algae.
For this study, MAISRC researchers will use high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR) to enhance aquatic invasive species monitoring. This method can test for dozens of species simultaneously using minimal samples, providing both cost-efficiency and versatility. HT-qPCR retains the accuracy and sensitivity of traditional methods but automates the process to reduce time, labor, and costs. Unlike eDNA metabarcoding, it requires fewer computational resources and can simultaneously detect species from diverse taxonomic groups.
Although HT-qPCR is widely used in biomedicine and food safety, its application in natural resource management has been limited. Early studies, however, show its effectiveness, with strong results in detecting invasive taxa and identifying species difficult to distinguish visually. By leveraging existing assays and integrating HT-qPCR into monitoring programs, MAISRC researchers aim to provide timely and comprehensive data. This approach offers a high return on investment, supporting more effective prevention and control of invasive species in Minnesota’s waters.